The Necessity Of Computer Security :: essays research papers

The Necessity Of Computer Security When the first electronic computers emerged from university and military laboratories in the late 1940s and early 1950s, visionaries proclaimed them the harbingers of a second industrial revolution that would transform business, government and industry. But few laymen, even if they were aware of the machines, could see the connection. Experts too, were sceptical. Not only were computers huge, expensive, one-of-a-kind devices designed for performing abstruse scientific and military calculations, such as cracking codes and calculations missile trajectories, they were also extremely difficult to handle. Now, it is clear that computers are not only here to stay, but they have a profound effect on society as well. As John McCarthy, Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University, speculated in 1966: "The computer gives signs of becoming the contemporary counterpart of the steam engine that brought on the industrial revolution - one that is still gathering momentum and whose true nature had yet to be seen." Today's applications of computers are vast. They are used to run ordinary household appliances such as televisions and microwaves, to being tools in the workplaces through word processing, spreadsheets, and graphics software, to running monumental tasks such as being the heart and soul of the nations tax processing department, and managing the project timetables of the Space Shuttle. It is obvious that the computer is now and always will be inexorably linked to our lives, and we have no choice but to accept this technology and learn how to harness its total potential. With any progressing technology, an unauthorized application can almost be found for it. A computer could and has been used for theft and fraud - for example, as a database and manager of illegal activities such as drug trafficking and pornography. However, we must not just consider the harmful applications of the computer, but also take into account the good that they have caused. When society embraced the computer technology, we have to treat this as an extension of what we already have at hand. This means that some problems that we had before the computer era may also arise now, in the form where computers are an accessory to a crime. One of the problems that society has faced ever since the dawn of civilization is privacy. The issue of privacy on the Internet has risen many arguments for and against having it. The issue of privacy has gotten to the point where the government of the United States has placed a bill promoting a single chip to encrypt all private material on the Internet. Why is privacy so important? Hiding confidential material from intruders

Essay --

1. MEANING OF FINAL ACCOUNTS â€Å"Final accounts refers to the final statements of accounts prepared in order to ascertain and report the result of the financial activities of a business†[Accounting for management, N.P Srinivasan & M. Sakthivel, page no.85]. Trial balance establishes the accuracy of books of accounts. After preparing the trial balance, preparing final accounts is the next step. It includes Balance sheet, Profit and Loss account and Trading account. The Balance sheet would gives the financial position of the business, the Profit and loss account gives the net profit or loss earned and that of Trading account gives the gross profit earned or gross loss incurred. At the end of the accounting year organization prepare final accounts to find out the financial position of the organization. i.e. Profit or Loss. 2. TRADING ACCOUNT â€Å"Trading accounting is an account prepared to ascertain the trading result of a business i.e.; the gross profit earned or gross loss incurred from buying and selling of goods during a particular period. The excess of net sales [total sales less returns] over cost of goods sold is termed as gross profit. When the cost of goods sold is more than the net sales, the difference is termed as gross loss. The gross profit or loss is transferred to profit and loss account.†[Accounting for management, N.P Srinivasan & M. Sakthivel, page no.85]. Form of trading a/c:- TRADING ACCOUNT OF ____________ For the year ending†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Dr. Cr. Particulars Amount(Rs.) Particulars Amount(Rs.) To Opening Stock To purchases ... ...transfer Net loss Capital a/c Dr. 4. BALANCE SHEET A balance sheet is defined as a statement drawn upon a given date, generally at the end of each accounting year, to measure the exact financial position of a business, setting for the various assets and liabilities of the concern at this date†. On the left hand side of the balance sheet, the liabilities and capital are shown. On the right hand side, all the assets are shown .Therefore, the two sides of a balance sheet must always be equal. Otherwise, there is an error somewhere in the books of accounts. A properly drawn up balance sheet gives information relating to(a)the nature and value of asset;(b)the nature and extent of liabilities;(c)whether the firm is solvent ;and(d)whether the firm is over trading in short, it explains the financial condition of the concern.

Farewell to Manzanar

The novel Farewell to Manzanar contains several levels of irony, beginning with the title of the novel in comparison with its subject matter. This irony can be found in the fact that the protagonist-narrator Jeanne Wakatsuki expresses through the events of the story her inability to say farewell to the place that housed her family for several years during the internment. Her youth and early adulthood are spent in direct contrast with the novel’s title, as she has had haunting memories of the place that was both home and prison to her family. She spends the length of the novel regaling her readers with the memories of Manzanar that have remained etched in her mind for decades. Irony also exists in the situation faced by the Japanese men who lived in America at the time. This situation is embodied in the life and story of Papa, Jeanne Wakatsuki’s father. He is labeled a traitor in the American society in which he lives because of his status as an immigrant. The irony in this lies in the fact that in order to become a resident of America, he had to abandon the country of his birth, in effect committing an act of treason and sedition. He finds himself abandoned by the country he has chosen in favor of his own, and is therefore left in limbo. Having made a choice to embrace America and live here, that choice is ironically thrown back into his face, as he has been branded as an outsider who could never belong. He has given up so much to come to this country—even the place in his samurai order, and the irony of the situation is that it has proven to be as inhospitable (or even more so) as he had considered the Japan he left behind. The boys of fighting age in the novel also face irony in the fact that they are forced to make a choice regarding their allegiance—whether to Japan or to the United States. What is ironic is that many of them feel torn between the two places, having a love for each. In crying â€Å"Yes, Yes† to the pledge of allegiance to the states, the young Japanese men agree to not just to fight for the country they love and live in but against the other country they love and whose heritage they share. If, however, they respond in the opposite manner by saying â€Å"No, no† then what appears to be an opposing prospect ends up feeling strangely the same—fighting for a country they love while fighting against one they also love. In fact, the opposing responses ironically end up having almost exactly the same result as they get deported to Japan if they do not pledge their allegiance to America and sent to war (also in Japan) if they do. Jeanne Wakatsuki faces many loses during the childhood she spent in Manzanar. She loses not only carefree and happy times with her family, but her paternal influence and the ability to live in a non-fabricated world of freedom. The time spent in Manzanar is hard on her family, and the strain put on her mother and father during that time spills over into her life at that period. While she is a spirited child who is unaware of the anomalous nature of her surroundings, she is still faced with the tensions felt by her father and the effect it has on her mother. Because of this, she loses the happy times she could have had with them were situations better. She also loses quality time with her father, whose life and psyche go on a downward spiral once they move into Manzanar. She writes, â€Å"Papa’s life ended at Manzanar, though he lived for twelve more years after getting out† (Houston 195). The true Papa figuratively dies as he becomes emotionally unbalanced and unable provide the secure paternal guidance she needs during her formative years.   She also loses her freedom in a way that is at first unknown to her. Yet, the family was unable to leave that area for a long period, and during that time she missed out on simple pleasures of family trips across the country and perhaps even to Japan, the home of her culture and ancestors. Work Cited Houston, Jeanne Wakatsuki. A Farewell to Manzanar. New York: Random House, 1973. Farewell to Manzanar Farewell to Manzanar, written by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston, Japanese American, and James D. Houston, describes about the experience of being sent to an internment camp during World War II. The evacuation of Japanese Americans started after President Roosevelt had signed the Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942. Along with ten thousand other Japanese Americans, the Wakatsuki was sent on a bus to Manzanar, California. There, they were placed in an internment camp, many miles from their home with only what they could carry. The lives of the Japanese Americans in the internment was a struggle.But for some of the Japanese Americans, it was even harder after they were discharged from the internment camp. The evacuation and the internment had changed the lives of all Japanese Americans. The evacuation and internment affected the Wakatsuki family in three ways: the destruction of Papa’s self-esteem, the separation of the Wakatsuki family, and the change in their social status. The destruction of Papa’s self-esteem is one effect of the evacuation and internment. Before the evacuation and internment, Papa was proud; he had a self-important attitude yet he was dignified. Wakatsuki describes Papa as â€Å"a poser, a braggart, and a tyrant.But he had held on to his self-respect† (58). He was â€Å"absurdly proud† (54) that he went to the law school even though he never finished. Prior to the evacuation and internment, his self-esteem was not destroyed. When â€Å"Papa was take to the prison, he did not let the deputies push him out the door, instead he led them† (8). This manner is clearly contrasted after the evacuation and internment. Papa’s self-esteem no longer existed. Papa drunk heavily inside the barracks, â€Å"day after day he would sip his rice wine or his apricot brandy, sip till he was blind drunk and passed out† (65).His pride was diminishing like a vapor of alcohol. He became abusive towards Mama, â€Å"He yelled and shook his fists and with his very threats forced her across the cluttered room until she collided with one of the steel bed frames and fell back onto a mattress† (71). Papa's dignity had disappeared; he had become a drunk and an abusive man. The effects of the evacuation and internment contributed to the destruction of his self-esteem. The separation of the Wakatsuki family is a second effect of the evacuation and internment. Before the evacuation, the Wakatsuki family members were living in the same house in Ocean Park, California.According to the author, they used to go hunt grunion with whole family (38); they would celebrate their parents' wedding anniversaries (57). The Wakatsuki family seemed humble and very close. For them, mealtime meant a lot and it â€Å"had always been the center of their family scene†(35). They would sit around the old round wooden table in their dining room in Ocean Park (35), but at Manzanar, there was no dining table, nor the h ouse to eat in (39). They ate separately and â€Å"stopped eating as a family† (36). Eating separately was a manifestation of the disintegration of the family.The author states, â€Å"My own family, after three years of mess hall living, collapsed as an integrated unit†¦ we did not recover it until many years after the war† (37). After the internment camp was over, her siblings moved out to different places; they no longer lived together as before. They were unable to recapture the closeness of family life until many years later. The change in their social status is also an effect of the evacuation and internment. Before the evacuation, they lived in Ocean Park, California, a white neighborhood. Papa owned two fishing boats.

Mar

Mar A) The 33rd president of the United States of American created the Truman Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine's policy was first put into action in 1947; their objective was to send U.S. aid to anti-Communist forces in Greece and Turkey. However, this policy expanded and the United States applied this policy to any countries that were threatened by Communism. Truman also developed the Marshall plan, it was plan to recover and stabilize Western Europe after the effect of World War II. The spread of Communist by the Soviet regime throughout Europe and Asia brought conflict between the USSR and the United States and this push the USSR and the Eastern European satellite states into the Cold War.During the Second World War, the United States and USSR were allied against Germany. However, because of political different and distrust between these countries, the cooperation to keep peace began to fall after the war.English: Donkey carrying U.S. funded supplies to G...

Juliet Essay †Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet

Juliet Essay – Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Free Online Research Papers Juliet Essay Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In the play Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the character Juliet goes through many changes and tragedies in her life. Shakespeare conveys Juliet, in the beginning, as a young hearted, naà ¯ve, daddy’s girl who would never think twice of disobeying her family. However, as the play continues Juliet changes into a mature, compassionate woman. Moreover, Juliet’s character undergoes significant changes during the course of the play and she begins to look at life through a different perspective. Firstly, Juliet changes from being an obedient and unquestioning girl to an independent and confident young woman. An example of this is found near the opening of the play when Juliet says to her mother, â€Å"I’ll look like, if looking liking moves; but no more deep will I endart mine eye than your consent gives strength to make it fly† (Act I, Scene III, Lines 97-98). In other words, Juliet is stating how she will cooperate with her parents, and do whatever they wish. However, near the end of the play Juliet becomes so self-assured that she even defies her own father and learns to think for herself. For example, when Juliet is talking to herself she declares, â€Å"Go counselor! . . . I’ll to the friar to know his remedy. If all else fail, myself have power to die† (Act III, Scene V, Line 242). What Juliet is implying is that even if her plan fails; she is still willing to take responsibility for her actions, even if it means she must die. Secondly, Juliet experiences further changes. However, the outset of the play she is portrayed as an innocent girl. As the play progresses she becomes rebellious and questions her father’s authority. One incident that shows this is when she refuses to marry Paris and tells her mother, â€Å"Now by Saint Peter’s church, and Peter, too, he shall not make me there a joyful bride . . . I pray you tell my lord and father, madam, I will not marry yet; and when I do, I swear it shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate, rather than Paris.† (Act III, Scene V, Line 124)! Also the above illustrates the risks that Juliet is willing to take by refusing to marry Pairs. As a result of her behavior her father becomes very angry. However, Juliet appears unaffected by his reaction showing that she has become very rebellious. The final changes in Juliet’s character are concerned with her experiences with love and all its hardships. For example, when she hears of the death of her cousin Tybalt she is upset. However, she is devastated when she hears about Romeo’s banishment. â€Å"Tybalt’s death was woe enough . . . Romeo is banished-to speak that word . . . There is no end . . . No words can that woe sound† (act III, scene II, lines 114-126). In conclusion, Juliet experiences a number of tragedies that have a profound effect on her. However, her character also endures many positive changes that help her to develop into a more mature woman. Moreover, her sense of perspective and her naà ¯ve way of viewing the world also change as she goes through life-altering events. Research Papers on Juliet Essay - Shakespeare's Romeo and JulietHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West MeetMind TravelHip-Hop is ArtComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital PunishmentThe Spring and Autumn

Powerful But Not Immortal Essays - Epic Of Gilgamesh, Enkidu

Powerful But Not Immortal Essays - Epic Of Gilgamesh, Enkidu Powerful But Not Immortal Powerful But Not Immortal The Epic of Gilgamesh still touches people profoundly even after many centuries because it is about issues that are common to all people throughout history - the anguish of death for all human beings. For example, Gilgamesh, the protagonist of The Epic of Gilgamesh, and King Thanh Cat Dai Tu Han (the famous King of China in early 400 B.C.) had tried many ways to find a solution for having everlasting lives; however, the fact was that they were human and would die. This is the absolute difference between gods and humans: gods live forever and humans must die. Consequently, immortality was the solution that both Gilgamesh and Thanh Cat Dai Tu Han sought in order to overcome their fear of death. Gilgamesh, Two third they made him god and one third man. (Gilgamesh 13), was the mythical king of Uruk in Babylonia, on the River Euphrates in modern Iraq. He was the greatest king on earth and the strongest man that ever lived. As a young man, Gilgamesh had no compassion for the people of Uruk. He was their king, but not their shepherd; he killed their sons and raped their daughters. But when he met Enkidu, he learned many things: how to love, to have compassion, and to understand the meaning of mortality. He and Enkidu journeyed into the forest to confront the terrible Humbaba because Gilgamesh wanted to set up his name where the names of famous people were written (Gilgamesh 18). When Gilgamesh refused to marry Ishtar, she was furious. She decided to seek revenge by sending the Bull of Heaven to kill Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh and Enkidu succeeded in killing the Bull of Heaven, but Enkidu later died as a result. With the death of his best friend, Gilgamesh was distraught with grief and denial. He despaired the loss of Enkidu but also his own death, which he knew could come some day. Seeking to avoid death, he strived to learn the secret of everlasting life. He came upon the entrance to the land of gods, another world, which would show him the secret to avoiding death. Upon failing the challenges necessary to become immortal, he finally accepted that he was human, and he would have to die as normal people. Gilgamesh's belief in immortality did not exist in human beings. Similarly, Thanh Cat Dai Tu Han, was known as the most brilliant ruler of Mong Co (now known as Nepal). He had helped Mong Co to become the most powerful empire in early 400 B.C. He was successful in conquering many countries, such as Tao (China), Cham (Thai Lan), and Giao (Kampodia). Unlike Gilgamesh, Thanh Cat Dai Tu Han was generous to his people, encouraged them to go to school, and devoted his energies to strengthening his empire. But as he grew older, his personality changed. He became villainous because of his jealousy towards younger people. He wanted to live forever, so he asked his servers to seek a way in which to help him to remain young forever. Unfortunately, his people failed his order, and Thanh Cat Tu Han killed all of them, and even their relatives. The more people he killed, the more afraid he became of dying. He would do anything to become immortal. He asked his people to build a mountain that would touch the sky, so he could climb up to the heavens and ask the go ds for a way to avoid death. As punishment for his immoral behaviors, the gods made him fall when he climbed the mountain. Thus, the search for immortality led to the terrible death of Thanh Cat Dai Tu Han. Both Gilgamesh and Thanh Cat Dai Tu Han were looking forward to finding the way to become immortal. But the fact remains: When the gods created man they allotted to him death, but life they retained their own keeping (Gilgamesh 34). No matter how hard both of them tried, they were human and still faced dead. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, I really enjoyed the main character, Gilgamesh, and his fear of death served as a good example for There is no permanence. Do we build a house to stand for ever,

Financial Markets & Risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Financial Markets & Risks - Essay Example Then we’ll make an assessment of the impact on the banking system if short-term interest rates were to rise. And at last let’s provide an explanation of the actions the ECB might take if the rumours of liquidity problems in other institutions prove to be correct. Over the last few years, the euro area has witnessed a gradual recovery in economic activity. The recovery started in the second half of 2003 and has now led to ongoing trend growth rates that seem to be close to our present estimates of the potential growth rate of the euro area economy. Several factors are behind the relatively gradual pace of this recovery, including oil price increases, the restructuring and reshaping of the productive sector triggered by global competition, and a possible decline in potential output growth. First, taking a longer-term perspective, there is some evidence that, underlying the moderate growth rates over the last few years, there may have been a decline in trend potential output growth in the euro area, particularly when comparisons are drawn with most of the 1980s and 1990s. The trend potential output growth rate seems to have moved closer to the lower bound of the previously estimated range of 2.0-2.5%. The sustained decline in euro area labour productivity growth has been identified as the main factor explaining lower potential output growth. Euro area labour productivity growth (measured per hour worked) was 2.4% in the euro area from 1981 to 1990. However, during the period 1996-2004, productivity fell to 1.3%. Decomposing trend labour productivity growth, in turn, shows that this decline reflects both lower growths in total factor productivity and less capital deepening. There is a wide consensus that the still significant structural rigidities in the euro area factor and product markets are likely to explain the lacklustre